Description

Every email consists of a local name and a domain name, separated by the @ sign.

For example, in alice@leetcode.com, alice is the local name, and leetcode.com is the domain name.

Besides lowercase letters, these emails may contain ‘.’s or ‘+’s.

If you add periods (‘.’) between some characters in the local name part of an email address, mail sent there will be forwarded to the same address without dots in the local name. For example, “alice.z@leetcode.com“ and “alicez@leetcode.com“ forward to the same email address. (Note that this rule does not apply for domain names.)

If you add a plus (‘+’) in the local name, everything after the first plus sign will be ignored. This allows certain emails to be filtered, for example m.y+name@email.com will be forwarded to my@email.com. (Again, this rule does not apply for domain names.)

It is possible to use both of these rules at the same time.

Given a list of emails, we send one email to each address in the list. How many different addresses actually receive mails?

每封电子邮件都由一个本地名称和一个域名组成，以 @ 符号分隔。

例如，在 alice@leetcode.com中， alice 是本地名称，而 leetcode.com 是域名。

除了小写字母，这些电子邮件还可能包含 ‘,’ 或 ‘+’。

如果在电子邮件地址的本地名称部分中的某些字符之间添加句点（’.’），则发往那里的邮件将会转发到本地名称中没有点的同一地址。例如，”alice.z@leetcode.com” 和 “alicez@leetcode.com” 会转发到同一电子邮件地址。 （请注意，此规则不适用于域名。）

如果在本地名称中添加加号（’+’），则会忽略第一个加号后面的所有内容。这允许过滤某些电子邮件，例如 m.y+name@email.com 将转发到 my@email.com。 （同样，此规则不适用于域名。）

可以同时使用这两个规则。

给定电子邮件列表 emails，我们会向列表中的每个地址发送一封电子邮件。实际收到邮件的不同地址有多少？

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/unique-email-addresses/

Difficulty: easy

中缀表达式

中缀表达式就是常见的运算表达式，如(3+4)*5-6

前缀表达式

前缀表达式又称波兰式，前缀表达式的运算符位于操作数之前
比如:- * + 3 4 5 6

前缀表达式的计算机求值

从右至左扫描表达式，遇到数字时，将数字压入堆栈，遇到运算符时，
弹出栈顶的两个数，用运算符对它们做相应的计算（栈顶元素 op 次顶元素），
并将结果入栈；重复上述过程直到表达式最左端，最后运算得出的值即为表达式的结果

Description

(This problem is the same as Minimize Malware Spread, with the differences bolded.)

In a network of nodes, each node i is directly connected to another node j if and only if graph[i][j] = 1.

Some nodes initial are initially infected by malware. Whenever two nodes are directly connected and at least one of those two nodes is infected by malware, both nodes will be infected by malware. This spread of malware will continue until no more nodes can be infected in this manner.

Suppose M(initial) is the final number of nodes infected with malware in the entire network, after the spread of malware stops.

We will remove one node from the initial list, completely removing it and any connections from this node to any other node. Return the node that if removed, would minimize M(initial). If multiple nodes could be removed to minimize M(initial), return such a node with the smallest index.

(这个问题与 尽量减少恶意软件的传播 是一样的，不同之处用粗体表示。)

在节点网络中，只有当 graph[i][j] = 1 时，每个节点 i 能够直接连接到另一个节点 j。

一些节点 initial 最初被恶意软件感染。只要两个节点直接连接，且其中至少一个节点受到恶意软件的感染，那么两个节点都将被恶意软件感染。这种恶意软件的传播将继续，直到没有更多的节点可以被这种方式感染。

假设 M(initial) 是在恶意软件停止传播之后，整个网络中感染恶意软件的最终节点数。

我们可以从初始列表中删除一个节点，并完全移除该节点以及从该节点到任何其他节点的任何连接。如果移除这一节点将最小化 M(initial)， 则返回该节点。如果有多个节点满足条件，就返回索引最小的节点。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/minimize-malware-spread-ii/

Difficulty: hard

Description

Given an array A of 0s and 1s, divide the array into 3 non-empty parts such that all of these parts represent the same binary value.

If it is possible, return any [i, j] with i+1 < j, such that:

• A[0], A[1], …, A[i] is the first part;
• A[i+1], A[i+2], …, A[j-1] is the second part, and
• A[j], A[j+1], …, A[A.length - 1] is the third part.
• All three parts have equal binary value.

If it is not possible, return [-1, -1].

Note that the entire part is used when considering what binary value it represents. For example, [1,1,0] represents 6 in decimal, not 3. Also, leading zeros are allowed, so [0,1,1] and [1,1] represent the same value.

给定一个由 0 和 1 组成的数组 A，将数组分成 3 个非空的部分，使得所有这些部分表示相同的二进制值。

如果可以做到，请返回任何 [i, j]，其中 i+1 < j，这样一来：

• A[0], A[1], …, A[i] 组成第一部分；
• A[i+1], A[i+2], …, A[j-1] 作为第二部分；
• A[j], A[j+1], …, A[A.length - 1] 是第三部分。
• 这三个部分所表示的二进制值相等。

如果无法做到，就返回 [-1, -1]。

注意，在考虑每个部分所表示的二进制时，应当将其看作一个整体。例如，[1,1,0] 表示十进制中的 6，而不会是 3。此外，前导零也是被允许的，所以 [0,1,1] 和 [1,1] 表示相同的值。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/three-equal-parts/

Difficulty: hard

Description

A string of ‘0’s and ‘1’s is monotone increasing if it consists of some number of ‘0’s (possibly 0), followed by some number of ‘1’s (also possibly 0.)

We are given a string S of ‘0’s and ‘1’s, and we may flip any ‘0’ to a ‘1’ or a ‘1’ to a ‘0’.

Return the minimum number of flips to make S monotone increasing.

如果一个由 ‘0’ 和 ‘1’ 组成的字符串，是以一些 ‘0’（可能没有 ‘0’）后面跟着一些 ‘1’（也可能没有 ‘1’）的形式组成的，那么该字符串是单调递增的。

我们给出一个由字符 ‘0’ 和 ‘1’ 组成的字符串 S，我们可以将任何 ‘0’ 翻转为 ‘1’ 或者将 ‘1’ 翻转为 ‘0’。

返回使 S 单调递增的最小翻转次数。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/flip-string-to-monotone-increasing/

Difficulty: medium

Description

Your friend is typing his name into a keyboard. Sometimes, when typing a character c, the key might get long pressed, and the character will be typed 1 or more times.

You examine the typed characters of the keyboard. Return True if it is possible that it was your friends name, with some characters (possibly none) being long pressed.

你的朋友正在使用键盘输入他的名字 name。偶尔，在键入字符 c 时，按键可能会被长按，而字符可能被输入 1 次或多次。

你将会检查键盘输入的字符 typed。如果它对应的可能是你的朋友的名字（其中一些字符可能被长按），那么就返回 True。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/long-pressed-name/

Difficulty: easy

Description

In a network of nodes, each node i is directly connected to another node j if and only if graph[i][j] = 1.

Some nodes initial are initially infected by malware. Whenever two nodes are directly connected and at least one of those two nodes is infected by malware, both nodes will be infected by malware. This spread of malware will continue until no more nodes can be infected in this manner.

Suppose M(initial) is the final number of nodes infected with malware in the entire network, after the spread of malware stops.

We will remove one node from the initial list. Return the node that if removed, would minimize M(initial). If multiple nodes could be removed to minimize M(initial), return such a node with the smallest index.

Note that if a node was removed from the initial list of infected nodes, it may still be infected later as a result of the malware spread.

在节点网络中，只有当 graph[i][j] = 1 时，每个节点 i 能够直接连接到另一个节点 j。

一些节点 initial 最初被恶意软件感染。只要两个节点直接连接，且其中至少一个节点受到恶意软件的感染，那么两个节点都将被恶意软件感染。这种恶意软件的传播将继续，直到没有更多的节点可以被这种方式感染。

假设 M(initial) 是在恶意软件停止传播之后，整个网络中感染恶意软件的最终节点数。

我们可以从初始列表中删除一个节点。如果移除这一节点将最小化 M(initial)， 则返回该节点。如果有多个节点满足条件，就返回索引最小的节点。

请注意，如果某个节点已从受感染节点的列表 initial 中删除，它以后可能仍然因恶意软件传播而受到感染。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/minimize-malware-spread/description/

Difficulty: hard

Description

Given an integer array A, and an integer target, return the number of tuples i, j, k such that i < j < k and A[i] + A[j] + A[k] == target.

As the answer can be very large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7.

给定一个整数数组 A，以及一个整数 target 作为目标值，返回满足 i < j < k 且 A[i] + A[j] + A[k] == target 的元组 i, j, k 的数量。

由于结果会非常大，请返回 结果除以 10^9 + 7 的余数。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/3sum-with-multiplicity/description/

Difficulty: medium

Description

Given an array A of non-negative integers, half of the integers in A are odd, and half of the integers are even.

Sort the array so that whenever A[i] is odd, i is odd; and whenever A[i] is even, i is even.

You may return any answer array that satisfies this condition.

给定一个非负整数数组 A， A 中一半整数是奇数，一半整数是偶数。

对数组进行排序，以便当 A[i] 为奇数时，i 也是奇数；当 A[i] 为偶数时， i 也是偶数。

你可以返回任何满足上述条件的数组作为答案。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/sort-array-by-parity-ii/description/

Difficulty: easy

Description

Given a string S of ‘(‘ and ‘)’ parentheses, we add the minimum number of parentheses ( ‘(‘ or ‘)’, and in any positions ) so that the resulting parentheses string is valid.

Formally, a parentheses string is valid if and only if:

• It is the empty string, or
• It can be written as AB (A concatenated with B), where A and B are valid strings, or
• It can be written as (A), where A is a valid string.

Given a parentheses string, return the minimum number of parentheses we must add to make the resulting string valid.

给定一个由 ‘(‘ 和 ‘)’ 括号组成的字符串 S，我们需要添加最少的括号（ ‘(‘ 或是 ‘)’，可以在任何位置），以使得到的括号字符串有效。

从形式上讲，只有满足下面几点之一，括号字符串才是有效的：

• 它是一个空字符串，或者
• 它可以被写成 AB （A 与 B 连接）, 其中 A 和 B 都是有效字符串，或者
• 它可以被写作 (A)，其中 A 是有效字符串。

给定一个括号字符串，返回为使结果字符串有效而必须添加的最少括号数。

题目链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-add-to-make-parentheses-valid/description/

Difficulty: medium